Furthermore, the National Assembly adopted legislative amendments, requiring all CSOs to operate exclusively through formal “partnership alliances” with state institutions, and to submit their programs and projects to the General Directorate of Registration and Control of CSOs. These measures have reportedly reinforced state control over civil society’s project implementation and undermined their independence. 84. On 27 February 2025, the Government announced its disengagement from the Human Rights Council and all its subsidiary mechanisms, including the Universal Periodic Review. In February 2025, it also withdrew from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the ILO, and the International Organization of Migration (IOM) and ordered the closure of FAO offices in Managua. These actions have significantly reduced the ability of the Nicaraguan people to collaborate with the United Nations system, both within the country and abroad. 85. Recent amendments to the Penal Code and cybercrime legislation, which may broaden the criminalization of dissent, and include provisions targeting publications abroad and online, have reportedly contributed to an increasing climate of fear and retaliation. These developments have discouraged individuals and organizations from sharing information that could be perceived as critical of the government—whether publicly or with relevant stakeholders, including the United Nations.