A/HRC/45/36 security risks for the individuals or organizations involved. Underreporting remains a concern. 131. Trends previously identified – the use of national security arguments and legislation and of counter-terrorism strategies by States as justification for blocking access to, or punishment for engaging with, the United Nations – regrettably continue at alarming levels. I remain concerned about the disproportionate impact on certain groups, such as women human rights defenders and peacebuilders, youth, indigenous peoples and minorities, and encourage continued efforts towards gender-sensitive documentation and reporting. 132. Repressive or restrictive environments that have led to concrete acts inhibiting cooperation with the United Nations, including self-censorship, continue to be documented and reported. When individuals, groups and communities are afraid to be associated with the United Nations, its relevance and impact is seriously undermined. This is particularly the case in conflict and post-conflict settings, but also where the Organization has no field presences, or field presences without human rights mandates. I am committed to overcoming this issue by continuing to engage with Member States, and supporting United Nations staff and personnel through tailored tools and guidance. 133. In my call to action for human rights in February 2020,80 I underscored that the Organization depends on the active engagement of civil society actors. We must counter narratives that seek to discredit and undermine civil society. With our work being increasingly carried out online as a result of COVID-19, we should ensure that participation remains meaningful, effective, easily accessible and free from intimidation or reprisals of any sort. 134. Member States, civil society actors and other partners continue to ask how they may address this issue. A more effective response entails proactive measures to prevent and protect, and should not be limited to reacting to incidents. We have documented good practices by States, which could be replicated to ensure greater participation. 135. Accountability for violations, including prompt and independent investigations and remedies for victims, is critical. States should ensure that victims’ rights and perspectives are fully respected, with adequate protective and empowering measures and support for victims to ensure their safety and security, including through emergency funds. 136. States are encouraged to publicly express unequivocal support for the right of all to unhindered access to and communication with international bodies. I also call on Member States to raise awareness among public servants and other State actors on reprisals and intimidation, including by providing training and issuing internal guidance. 137. The United Nations continues to strengthen its system-wide response, including through sustained documentation and reporting on allegations, and further development of guidance and policy responses. I reiterate my call for the Organization, under the leadership of the Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights as seniorlevel designated official, to prioritize this issue in close partnership with Member States, civil society and all concerned. 80 Available at www.un.org/sg/sites/www.un.org.sg/files/atoms/files/The_Highest_Asperation_A_Call_To_Action_F or_Human_Right_English.pdf. 19